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December 19, 2024
Enerpoly
Blog

The Future of Energy Storage: 7 Trends to Follow

Energy storage is key to the global energy transition, enabling the integration of renewable sources and ensuring grid stability. Discover the trends shaping the future of energy storage, from emerging technologies to sustainability efforts.

Energy storage is poised to play a crucial role in the global energy transition. As renewable energy sources like solar and wind continue to rise, and electricity demand increases with the electrification of more sectors, stationary energy storage solutions are essential for integrating renewables, ensuring reliability, and maintaining grid stability.

From large-scale utility projects that stabilize the grid to behind-the-meter systems powering homes, businesses, and microgrids, battery storage enables a more flexible and resilient energy system. However, the task ahead is significant. The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects that global energy storage capacity must expand to 1,500 gigawatts (GW) by 2030, with 90% coming from batteries alone—a 15-fold increase from today’s levels1.

With advancements in technology and grid integration, the energy storage industry is transforming rapidly, setting the stage for a cleaner, more sustainable energy future. Drawing on insights from Enerpoly’s experts in stationary battery storage, we outline 7 key trends we believe will be shaping the industry in 2025 and beyond.

  1. New battery technologies are bridging the gap for long-duration energy storage (LDES).
  2. Innovation in energy storage is prioritizing enhanced safety and sustainability.
  3. Control over supply chains for materials and equipment is key for battery manufacturing competitiveness.
  4. Standardization is making energy storage systems more scalable and accessible.
  5. Policies and new financial products are unlocking growth in energy storage worldwide.
  6. AI and advanced technologies will reshape energy companies’ business models and enable smarter, more efficient energy storage.
  7. Emerging economies are becoming a key market due to rising energy demand and outdated grids.

1. Evolving Landscape and Opportunities for Emerging Tech

Lithium-ion batteries remain the dominant battery energy storage technology, widely used in consumer electronics and electric vehicles due to their high energy density, efficiency, and decreasing costs2. While they remain ideal for short-duration applications which require 1 to 4 hours of energy discharge, there is a growing demand for medium and long-duration storage solutions, that span several hours to a week, to support deeper decarbonization. Governments in UK, Italy, Ireland and California, for example, are defining an 8-hour discharge threshold as they move to begin their first procurements for energy storage3. This need, which lithium-ion technology cannot address cost-effectively, presents a significant opportunity for alternative technologies to emerge and bridge the gap.

Alongside the growing demand for energy storage in longer-duration applications, there is an increasing emphases on technologies capable of serving a broader range of use cases while remaining economically viable for those operations. Achieving this requires research and innovation to develop safer solutions that minimize risks while maximizing reliability.

Daniel Eklund, Purchasing Manager at Enerpoly, explains, “The next generation of batteries will likely feature emerging technologies offering diverse solutions tailored to specific application needs.” As consumers and industries alike are increasingly concerned about ethical sourcing and environmental responsibility, he also notes that “The key to this evolution lies in balancing performance and cost while embracing more sustainable materials.”

In line with this, Ryutaka Yudhistira, Environmental Analyst at Enerpoly, adds that factors such as “higher power ratings, stricter safety requirements, and longer discharge durations” driven by the demands of these evolving applications, will create new opportunities, driving greater diversification in battery technologies.

2. Safety and Sustainability Drive Innovation

Building on these considerations, safety and sustainability are becoming central drivers of innovation in energy storage, influenced by an evolving regulatory environment at both global and local levels.

Märta Nilsson, Strategy Associate at Enerpoly, notes that “Battery fire safety has become a critical focus, significantly complicating the permitting process for energy storage projects. With regulators and stakeholders requiring stringent safety measures, the industry is shifting toward safer battery technologies and adopting higher standards to address these concerns.”

While safety regulations are developing at a local level, we are seeing the implementation of broader regulations that have already been passed, which mandate the design of more sustainable batteries. For example, the EU Batteries Regulation4, introduced in 2023 and set to take effect in 2025, aims to enhance the sustainability, circularity, and safety of batteries by reducing carbon footprints, minimizing harmful substances, and increasing recycling rates. It was passed in alignment with the EU’s Green Deal5, whose main objective is to support circular economy and strategic autonomy goals to drive the green transition.

Annika Wernerman, Head of Production at Enerpoly, states “At the core of energy solutions lies a commitment to human impact. Consumers are increasingly drawn to products that are democratic and sourced from conflict-free regions; products that contribute to sustainability and peace. Trust plays a crucial role here— people are willing to pay more for companies that are transparent, prioritize sustainable materials, and create opportunities for everyone, not just the wealthy."

In response to this, battery energy storage innovators are focusing on enhancing safety through improvements on battery design, in installation process, and on system operations6, all while reducing overall environmental impacts. The latter has included advancements in recycling techniques and the second-life of batteries to improve end-of-life disposal, the adoption of sustainable material sourcing and other responsible business practices, and the development of new chemistries, such as sodium-ion, solid-state, and emerging CO₂-based energy storage technologies.

Enerpoly's zinc-ion batteries exemplify these efforts with a safe design that incorporates non-toxic, non-flammable, and non-explosive materials. The zinc-ion chemistry is inherently safe, effectively eliminating the risk of thermal runaway. These batteries are also not classified as dangerous goods, which can reduce costs, logistics and labor for energy storage developers, while ensuring safe operation across a wide range of applications. In addition, the materials used are globally abundant and can be sourced locally in Europe. The zinc-ion chemistry, based on the recyclable primary alkaline battery, can integrate into existing recycling infrastructure, contributing to the advancement of a circular economy. Furthermore, Enerpoly’s batteries benefit from an energy-efficient manufacturing process, which helps reduce the overall carbon footprint.

Learn more about zinc-ion battery technology.

3. Building Resilience in Battery Manufacturing

This year, the challenges plaguing the scaling of battery manufacturing in Western markets, particularly in Europe, have compounded. Factors such as raw material price volatility, an overreliance on niche supply chains, and bottlenecks in the acquisition and deployment of manufacturing equipment have exposed the fragility of the current supply chain landscape. These issues have affected both established and emerging battery technology manufacturers alike in Western markets, with the impact of these supply chain vulnerabilities severely hindering operations.

This underscores the critical need to invest in more robust, adaptable solutions that rely on resilient, diversified, and localized supply chains. While battery manufacturers in Western markets stand to benefit from increased investment and better risk management practices, this needs to happen hand-in-hand with a deep focus on developing products and a business model that enables companies to not only compete but have a competitive edge.

Sahitya Yarlagadda, Marketing Manager at Enerpoly, explains that for newly established battery companies to succeed, "We need to strike a delicate balance. Building a factory entirely reliant on imported supply chains is neither sustainable nor competitive. However, starting from scratch to create a localized value chain increases the risk of delaying market entry and driving up costs until significant production volumes are achieved. One optimal path to follow—and what we’re doing at Enerpoly— is leveraging existing domestic supply chain strengths to source materials and equipment locally. Additionally, it’s by using proven industrial production methods to reduce the uncertainty in bringing a new technology to market while innovating selectively on the processes to add value."

Latest News

The Future of Energy Storage: 7 Trends to Follow

December 19, 2024
Enerpoly
Blog

Energy storage is key to the global energy transition, enabling the integration of renewable sources and ensuring grid stability. Discover the trends shaping the future of energy storage, from emerging technologies to sustainability efforts.

Containers for stationary energy storage—a step toward a greener grid.

Energy storage is poised to play a crucial role in the global energy transition. As renewable energy sources like solar and wind continue to rise, and electricity demand increases with the electrification of more sectors, stationary energy storage solutions are essential for integrating renewables, ensuring reliability, and maintaining grid stability.

From large-scale utility projects that stabilize the grid to behind-the-meter systems powering homes, businesses, and microgrids, battery storage enables a more flexible and resilient energy system. However, the task ahead is significant. The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects that global energy storage capacity must expand to 1,500 gigawatts (GW) by 2030, with 90% coming from batteries alone—a 15-fold increase from today’s levels1.

With advancements in technology and grid integration, the energy storage industry is transforming rapidly, setting the stage for a cleaner, more sustainable energy future. Drawing on insights from Enerpoly’s experts in stationary battery storage, we outline 7 key trends we believe will be shaping the industry in 2025 and beyond.

  1. New battery technologies are bridging the gap for long-duration energy storage (LDES).
  2. Innovation in energy storage is prioritizing enhanced safety and sustainability.
  3. Control over supply chains for materials and equipment is key for battery manufacturing competitiveness.
  4. Standardization is making energy storage systems more scalable and accessible.
  5. Policies and new financial products are unlocking growth in energy storage worldwide.
  6. AI and advanced technologies will reshape energy companies’ business models and enable smarter, more efficient energy storage.
  7. Emerging economies are becoming a key market due to rising energy demand and outdated grids.

1. Evolving Landscape and Opportunities for Emerging Tech

Lithium-ion batteries remain the dominant battery energy storage technology, widely used in consumer electronics and electric vehicles due to their high energy density, efficiency, and decreasing costs2. While they remain ideal for short-duration applications which require 1 to 4 hours of energy discharge, there is a growing demand for medium and long-duration storage solutions, that span several hours to a week, to support deeper decarbonization. Governments in UK, Italy, Ireland and California, for example, are defining an 8-hour discharge threshold as they move to begin their first procurements for energy storage3. This need, which lithium-ion technology cannot address cost-effectively, presents a significant opportunity for alternative technologies to emerge and bridge the gap.

Alongside the growing demand for energy storage in longer-duration applications, there is an increasing emphases on technologies capable of serving a broader range of use cases while remaining economically viable for those operations. Achieving this requires research and innovation to develop safer solutions that minimize risks while maximizing reliability.

Daniel Eklund, Purchasing Manager at Enerpoly, explains, “The next generation of batteries will likely feature emerging technologies offering diverse solutions tailored to specific application needs.” As consumers and industries alike are increasingly concerned about ethical sourcing and environmental responsibility, he also notes that “The key to this evolution lies in balancing performance and cost while embracing more sustainable materials.”

In line with this, Ryutaka Yudhistira, Environmental Analyst at Enerpoly, adds that factors such as “higher power ratings, stricter safety requirements, and longer discharge durations” driven by the demands of these evolving applications, will create new opportunities, driving greater diversification in battery technologies.

2. Safety and Sustainability Drive Innovation

Building on these considerations, safety and sustainability are becoming central drivers of innovation in energy storage, influenced by an evolving regulatory environment at both global and local levels.

Märta Nilsson, Strategy Associate at Enerpoly, notes that “Battery fire safety has become a critical focus, significantly complicating the permitting process for energy storage projects. With regulators and stakeholders requiring stringent safety measures, the industry is shifting toward safer battery technologies and adopting higher standards to address these concerns.”

While safety regulations are developing at a local level, we are seeing the implementation of broader regulations that have already been passed, which mandate the design of more sustainable batteries. For example, the EU Batteries Regulation4, introduced in 2023 and set to take effect in 2025, aims to enhance the sustainability, circularity, and safety of batteries by reducing carbon footprints, minimizing harmful substances, and increasing recycling rates. It was passed in alignment with the EU’s Green Deal5, whose main objective is to support circular economy and strategic autonomy goals to drive the green transition.

Annika Wernerman, Head of Production at Enerpoly, states “At the core of energy solutions lies a commitment to human impact. Consumers are increasingly drawn to products that are democratic and sourced from conflict-free regions; products that contribute to sustainability and peace. Trust plays a crucial role here— people are willing to pay more for companies that are transparent, prioritize sustainable materials, and create opportunities for everyone, not just the wealthy."

In response to this, battery energy storage innovators are focusing on enhancing safety through improvements on battery design, in installation process, and on system operations6, all while reducing overall environmental impacts. The latter has included advancements in recycling techniques and the second-life of batteries to improve end-of-life disposal, the adoption of sustainable material sourcing and other responsible business practices, and the development of new chemistries, such as sodium-ion, solid-state, and emerging CO₂-based energy storage technologies.

Enerpoly's zinc-ion batteries exemplify these efforts with a safe design that incorporates non-toxic, non-flammable, and non-explosive materials. The zinc-ion chemistry is inherently safe, effectively eliminating the risk of thermal runaway. These batteries are also not classified as dangerous goods, which can reduce costs, logistics and labor for energy storage developers, while ensuring safe operation across a wide range of applications. In addition, the materials used are globally abundant and can be sourced locally in Europe. The zinc-ion chemistry, based on the recyclable primary alkaline battery, can integrate into existing recycling infrastructure, contributing to the advancement of a circular economy. Furthermore, Enerpoly’s batteries benefit from an energy-efficient manufacturing process, which helps reduce the overall carbon footprint.

Learn more about zinc-ion battery technology.

3. Building Resilience in Battery Manufacturing

This year, the challenges plaguing the scaling of battery manufacturing in Western markets, particularly in Europe, have compounded. Factors such as raw material price volatility, an overreliance on niche supply chains, and bottlenecks in the acquisition and deployment of manufacturing equipment have exposed the fragility of the current supply chain landscape. These issues have affected both established and emerging battery technology manufacturers alike in Western markets, with the impact of these supply chain vulnerabilities severely hindering operations.

This underscores the critical need to invest in more robust, adaptable solutions that rely on resilient, diversified, and localized supply chains. While battery manufacturers in Western markets stand to benefit from increased investment and better risk management practices, this needs to happen hand-in-hand with a deep focus on developing products and a business model that enables companies to not only compete but have a competitive edge.

Sahitya Yarlagadda, Marketing Manager at Enerpoly, explains that for newly established battery companies to succeed, "We need to strike a delicate balance. Building a factory entirely reliant on imported supply chains is neither sustainable nor competitive. However, starting from scratch to create a localized value chain increases the risk of delaying market entry and driving up costs until significant production volumes are achieved. One optimal path to follow—and what we’re doing at Enerpoly— is leveraging existing domestic supply chain strengths to source materials and equipment locally. Additionally, it’s by using proven industrial production methods to reduce the uncertainty in bringing a new technology to market while innovating selectively on the processes to add value."

Energy storage containers in a snowy landscape, powering sustainable innovation.

4. The standardization of energy storage systems

Microgrids have been gaining traction as an energy storage application with their ability to operate independently or integrate seamlessly with the utility grid7. They have become a great support for communities as they offer households and businesses a way to manage rising electricity costs, have reliable backup power and lower carbon footprints. However, as most microgrid projects are custom engineered, the lack of standardization of energy storage systems has hindered widespread adoption8. This is despite growing global policy support for microgrids such as U.S. incentives for energy resilience projects9, and Europe’s outlining recommendations for enhancing energy storage deployment within microgrids10.

Transitioning microgrids from custom engineered projects to modular, repeatable systems is a critical step towards unlocking their full potential. This business model shift would make production scalable and simplify installation, reducing system costs and making projects faster to deploy. This approach would help microgrids be a more accessible flexibility option for a broader range of users, reducing the time to realize return on investment. This is especially important for underserved and remote areas, where cost-effectiveness and speed are essential.

The push towards standardization extends beyond microgrids and is influencing the broader energy storage market. As Mylad Chamoun, CTO at Enerpoly, explains, "The increasing demand for energy storage solutions in sectors like grid-scale is driving the standardization of energy storage systems (ESS). This shift is streamlining product designs— we are seeing larger cells and larger packs as the new standard and more standardized formats for deployments. This is especially clear with 20-foot containers. This standardization benefits new technologies and companies like ours, as there is a clear roadmap to align innovations with market expectations on product development. Moreover, this standardization combined with higher production volumes is significantly lowering the cost of complete energy storage systems, bringing us closer to a future where energy storage is more accessible, more efficient, and scalable."

5. Shifting Dynamics and Mechanisms Powering Energy Storage

In the introduction, we noted the 15-fold increase in battery energy storage required to support the energy transition. However, as the World Economic Forum11 observed earlier this year, “Presently, the adoption of BESS is low, and the growth of adoption is less than desired. [,,,] There are several challenges to the adoption of BESS, one of the prominent ones being financial risks attributed to novel technology and the absence of a secured financial model. […] The large-scale adoption of BESS needs the active participation of low-risk/low-cost capital providers and established financial sector players.”

Despite strides toward product standardization to enable energy storage growth, markets are still struggling to standardize regulatory frameworks, implementation strategies and financial mechanisms, which hamper scalability. Overcoming such barriers will necessitate a continued evolution of policy frameworks and financial mechanisms to effectively scale energy storage.

For a long time, energy storage was overlooked in policy, as seen with the 2022 REPowerEU legislation. However, we saw that shift in 2023, as legislations such as EU’s Electricity Markets Design began requiring member states to assess flexibility requirements. This comes none too soon as market developments in Europe are highlighting the urgency and enhancing the case for energy storage as a critical component driving the next phase of the energy transition.

The green transition in Europe brought about an unintended consequence: the overproduction of energy with the massive expansion of renewable energy capacity. Without energy storage, the excess supply has caused electricity prices to fall to negative levels, creating significant financial and operational challenges for energy producers and grid operators. According to the Financial Times, negative electricity prices in Europe hit record levels this year, with electricity prices falling below zero for 7,841 hours across the continent during the first eight months of 202412. This portends a losing proposition for all market participants, as these negative prices translate into increased risk premium costs13.

Energy storage addresses this issue by capturing surplus energy and deploying it during periods of high demand, helping to balance supply and demand while stabilizing prices, and curtailing the losses accompanying the expansion of clean energy. As a result, several European countries are adopting measures to support energy storage. Countries like Italy and Belgium have held successful capacity market auctions14, while Germany is planning for LDES auctions3. Mechanisms such as German’s technology-neutral combined capacity market mechanisms15, the UK’s cap-and-floor scheme for LDES16, and supporting frameworks in emerging Eastern European markets are boosting energy storage demand across the continent.

As Märta Nilsson aptly summarizes, “Europe's progressing energy storage market changes the dynamics: Traditional strong markets like Germany, the UK, and Italy are evolving, signalling a shift in market dynamics. At the same time, new emerging markets are gaining significant traction. With the introduction of new revenue schemes and long-term contracts, this next phase of growth will redefine market leaders and competition.”

Policy changes are also unlocking new opportunities for investment into BESS— a long-standing barrier to adoption. For example, the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act introduced tax credits to accelerate clean energy deployments and changed the tax code to allow for better monetization of these credits. This has brought new financial markets into existence, such as the tax equity and tax credit transferability markets, which are seeing success with increased deal activity and improved pricing and liquidity. These sorts of mechanisms can significantly reduce the upfront costs of BESS and improve their financial viability.

This kind of new financial landscape is critical for de-risking investments and scaling the energy storage industry. It also helps attract diverse stakeholders, from institutional investors to smaller market participants. Sahitya Yarlagadda underscores this point, stating, “At the end of the day, the major lever that can drive BESS adoption is policy— policy that benefits deployments and enables innovative financial products and markets that attract institutional capital and provide investment routes into financing BESS. Without real money having a sizable stake in the energy transition, the full potential of energy storage cannot be realized.”

6. AI and Advanced Tech to Influence Strategic Industry Shifts

For a more reliable, efficient and adaptable energy system, the global energy infrastructure has been adopting and integrating smart grid technologies. Powered by advanced sensors and software, smart grids are enabling real-time matching of supply and demand and play a crucial role in the optimization of renewable energy integration. Substantial progress has been made in the transition from traditional electricity grids to smart grids thus far, highlighting the importance of smart grids in achieving net-zero goals17.

The next phase will focus on leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to unlock further efficiencies and empower operators with actionable insights. While this shift will accelerate the “smartification” of our electricity system, it also redefines the capabilities and operations of grid components – from energy generation to flexibility tools. In doing so, advanced technologies will not only enhance grid performance but will also drive the creation of unique services and sustain competitive advantages for companies within the energy sector.

Emelie Tillegård, Head of Industrialization at Enerpoly, emphasizes that “The integration of AI and consistent, high-quality data will dramatically change the energy market in the coming years, much like it has in other sectors of society. It will be interesting to observe how different players across the entire energy ecosystem will position themselves. This includes infrastructure developers, service providers, energy producers, energy storage operators and consumer service providers. The race will be about who will manage to establish, develop and maintain the critical control points within this ecosystem, most probably by leveraging their ownership of key datasets integrated with AI and machine learning.”

The energy storage industry, in particular, is undergoing its own strategic shift at present, with battery manufacturers integrating downstream and pivoting to stationary energy storage as a long-term growth market. This shift is fueled by expectations of rising electricity demand, driven by trends like the rapid proliferation of AI and the expansion of data-intensive industries. And is furthered by the slowdown in the EV market, which has seen some battery manufacturers’ revenues decline by nearly 30% year-over-year18, 19, prompting businesses to diversify into the energy storage space.

Sahitya Yarlagadda highlights that the entry of battery manufacturers into ESS integration will prompt innovation in the industry. “To remain competitive and deliver value to end-users, ESS integrators must innovate, particularly in their software capabilities. We can expect significant advances in BESS software development, such as predictive analytics and algorithms that aid the market bidding of a BESS system's stored energy, especially as AI and machine learning become more deeply integrated. In general, BESS operators will become more empowered and effective when maximizing profitability, enhancing grid stability and responding to real-time market conditions.”

7. Key opportunity for energy storage in developing economies

Developing economies present a significant market opportunity for innovative long-duration energy storage technologies. With rapid population growth, expanding industries, and accelerated economic development, Emerging Markets and Developing Economy countries (EMDEs) are already seeing sharp increases in energy consumption. In 2023, developing countries accounted for 56% of global energy use, growing at twice the global average rate. The Asia Pacific region contributed 85% of this demand, with China, India, Indonesia, Japan, and South Korea leading the way and collectively accounting for 47% of global energy consumption20. The IEA forecasts that up to 85% of the additional electricity demand through 20262 will come from non-advanced economies, making this surge in demand a key factor in global energy dynamics.

Many EMDE regions still rely on outdated grid infrastructure that struggles to accommodate increasing energy demands. To address this, modernizing electricity grids and integrating more renewable energy in EMDEs is essential to alleviate grid congestion. However, this calls for significant investment, which remains a sore spot. Acccording to the IEA, in 2023, EMDEs, which account for 65% of the global population and a third of global GDP, received less than 15% of total clean energy investment. To meet global climate targets, investment in EMDEs, excluding China, must rise more than six times, up to $1.6 trillion by the early 2030s21. Energy storage provides a faster and more feasible alternative to address these issues.

South Africa provides a clear example of how energy storage can address grid challenges in EMDEs. Amid its electricity crisis, characterized by record load shedding in early 202322, energy storage has become vital. Grid batteries can stabilize supply, reduce loads during peak demand, and optimize the use of existing power plants. Given that battery energy storage is faster to deploy and more versatile than other solutions, such as pumped hydro23, it is the prioritized solution for addressing immediate power system constraints, easing grid congestion.

South Africa’s procurement programs highlight the potential of EMDEs as fast-growing market for energy storage. The country’s first Battery Storage Independent Power Producer (IPP) Procurement Programme aims to add 360 MW of dispatchable capacity, with a second tender targeting over 1,200 MW24. These initiatives are designed to reduce reliance on Eskom, the state-owned utility, while strengthening public electricity supply. This highlights the scalability and effectiveness of battery solutions in EMDEs, showcasing their potential to address electricity grid challenges.

As energy demand in these regions continues to accelerate far beyond current projections, battery companies need to prioritize understanding the unique needs of emerging markets when developing products. Addressing challenges like grid reliability and renewable energy integration in these economies will be pivotal to meeting global climate goals while unlocking new opportunities for energy storage solutions.

Energy Storage for a Sustainable Tomorrow

Energy storage is set to be a key driver in the transition to renewable energy. With advancing technology and decreasing costs, the market is on the brink of transformative growth, reshaping how we generate, store, and use energy.

This maturity signals that energy storage is no longer a novelty, but a necessity. It’s time to embrace solutions that prioritize long-term benefits, such as enhanced sustainability, reliability, and the ability to meet future energy demands. Annika Werneman explains: “People often invest in solutions with quick, short-term gains, but it’s the long-term solutions that truly create a better future for the next generations.”

Innovations in battery technology, smart grid integration, and supportive policies are maximizing the potential of renewables, driving us toward a sustainable energy future. Eloisa de Castro, Enerpoly’s CEO, says: “This year has set the stage for a transformative era in energy storage. With improving market readiness, favorable technology-neutral policies, and a shifting geopolitical landscape, the conditions are aligning for new technologies to take hold. I am confident that Enerpoly’s approach—focused on cost-efficient technology for local production—is the right path to achieving our vision.” Discover how zinc-ion technology can help you be part of this transformation—contact us today.

Discover how zinc-ion technology can help you be part of this transformation—contact us today.

Footnotes

  1. International Energy Agency (IEA). “Rapid Expansion of Batteries Will Be Crucial to Meet Climate and Energy Security Goals Set at COP28", IEA - News. April 25, 2024.
  2. International Energy Agency (IEA). "Batteries and Secure Energy Transitions Executive Summary". IEA - Reports, 2024.
  3. Andy Colthorpe, "Germany plans long-duration energy storage auctions for 2025 and 2026", Energy Storage News, September 23, 2024.
  4. European Comission. "Circular economy: New law on more sustainable, circular and safe batteries enters into force", European Comission: Directorate-General for Environment, August 17, 2023.
  5. European Comission. "The European Green Deal. Striving to be the first climate-neutral continent", European Comission, accessed December 10, 2024.
  6. Wood Mackenzie, “Global Energy Storage: 2024 Outlook”, Wood Mackenzie: News & Opinion, accessed December 10, 2024.
  7. Ahmet Aktaş. "The importance of energy storage in solar and wind energy, hybrid renewable energy systems", in Advances in Clean Energy Technologies, eds. Abul Kalam Azad. (Elsevier, 2020).
  8. Bala Vinayagam, "Microgrid Standardization Will Accelerate Much Needed Adoption", Microgrid Knowledge, February 24, 2023.
  9. Windley Knowlton, "American Microgrid Policy Development", Greentech Renewables, December 2023.
  10. European Comission, "Recommendations on energy storage", European Comission, accessed December 10, 2024.
  11. Prasad Thakur and Labanya Prakash Jena, "How to finance battery energy storage and ensure constant clean energy", World Economic Forum, May 10, 2024.
  12. Financial Times, "Negative European energy prices hit record level", Financial Times, accessed December 10, 2024.
  13. Anja Herberth, "Negative electricity prices: The consequences for customers and the energy industry", Smart Buildings Compass, accessed December 10, 2024.
  14. Cameron Murray, "BESS dominate new wins in capacity markets in Italy and Belgium", Energy Storage News, November 6, 2024.
  15. German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK), "Overview of the design of a combined capacity market", BMWK, Septemberm17, 2024
  16. George Heynes, "UK confirms cap-and-floor mechanism for long-duration energy storage from 2025", Energy Storage News, October 10, 2024.
  17. International Energy Agency (IEA). "Smart Grids", IEA, accesed December 10, 2024.
  18. CBT News, "LG Energy Solution’s profits plummet nearly 40% amid sluggish EV demand", CBT News, October 28, 2024.
  19. Tage Erikson, "LGES, Samsung SDI profits fall in Q3 2024", BEST Magazine, November 1, 2024.
  20. Rebecca Kurland and Edwin Wachira, "Navigating the Future of Energy: The Growing Power Demand in Emerging Markets", TCW, August 2024.
  21. International Energy Agency (IEA), "Bringing down the cost of capital is key to unlocking clean energy growth in emerging economies", IEA - News, February 8, 2024.
  22. Shaun Jacobs, "Eskom’s load-shedding miracle shown in one graph", Daily Investor, December 8, 2024.
  23. International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), "South Africa Needs Grid Storage Plans to Tackle the Power Crisis—New Report", IISD, July 5, 2023.
  24. International Energy Agency (IEA), "Utility-scale batteries in South Africa: Improving grid stability and renewables integration with dedicated tenders", IEA - Reports, accesed December 10, 2024.

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